Ukhathalelo lolusu lulandela izizathu ezimbini eziphambili: ngokukhawuleza ukuguga kunye nokuvuselelwa kolusu rhoqo.
Abantu abaninzi bakhula iinyawo ezinzulu ze-crow's kunye ne-nasolabial folds ngenxa yembonakalo yobuso rhoqo, kwaye balindele ukuba ulusu luqine kwaye imibimbi ithambe emva kokusetyenziswa ngamafutha. Okwangoku, ulusu lunyangwa nge-invasive encinci iziqholo iinkqubo ezifana ne-microneedling kunye ne-laser therapy zihlala zinobubomvu, ukoma okuqinileyo kunye nemiqobo yolusu ebuthathaka. Kwimeko enjalo, ulusu lufuna ukuphola kancinci kancinci, rhoqo ukuze lubuyisele imeko yalo esempilweni nezinzileyo endaweni yokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza.
Izithako ezimbini zezityalo ezinamandla zihlangabezana ngokuchanekileyo nezi mfuno zahlukeneyo. I-Spilanthol inika iziphumo ezikhawulezileyo zokulwa nemibimbi kunye nokuqina, ngelixa i-TECA Centella Triterpenes eqhelekileyo igxile ekuthomalaliseni nasekulungiseni ulusu emva kwenkqubo. Kolu phononongo, senza uvavanyo lwabantu lweklinikhi ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwenyani kwezi zithako zombini ngedatha eqinileyo yobungqina.
Icandelo 01 Ukuthintela Ukwaluphala Okukhawulezileyo: Isebenza Kangakanani I-Spilanthol?
Iinyawo zeCrow, imibimbi ye-nasolabial kunye nemigca ye-glabellar, eyona mibimbi yobuso inzima kakhulu kubasetyhini abaninzi, ikakhulu yimibimbi eguquguqukayo ebangelwa ziintshukumo zobuso eziphindaphindayo. Ezi zezona nkxalabo ziphambili abasebenzisi abalindele ukuba ziphucuke ngokukhawuleza.
Ithathwe kwi-tropical Acmella oleracea, i-spilanthol isebenza njengesityalo esinamandla kakhulu esilwa nokwaluphala. Idume ngendlela yayo eyahlukileyo yokuqinisa, ibe sisithako esiphambili sokwenza imibimbi ngokukhawuleza.
Ngokungafaniyo nezinto ezisetyenziswa njengesiqhelo zokuthambisa ulusu, i-spilanthol ineendlela ezimbini zokunciphisa imibimbi kunye nokuqinisa ulusu. Ithintela kancinci ukudluliselwa kwe-facial nerve impulse, iphumza izihlunu zobuso ezixineneyo kwaye ithintele ukujula kwemibimbi okubangelwa kukubonakaliswa kwayo. Ukongeza, ivuselela umsebenzi we-dermal fibroblast, iqinisa ulwakhiwo lwe-collagen fiber, iqinise ulusu olugobileyo kwaye iphucula ubume oburhabaxa.
Ingakhawuleza kangakanani ukubonelela ngeziphumo ezibonakalayo? Ingaba isebenza kwimizuzu engama-20 nangaphezulu? Uvavanyo lweklinikhi olulawulwayo ebantwini lunika iimpendulo ezichanekileyo.
Iprothokholi yovavanyo lwezonyango
Kwenziwe uvavanyo oluzilawulayo oluzimeleyo oluqhekekileyo. Icala lasekhohlo le ubuso iphathwe nge-essence equlethe i-spilanthol eyi-0.026%, ngelixa icala lasekunene liphathwe nge-spilanthol ephezulu eyi-0.05%. Utshintsho lolusu lweenyawo ze-crow kunye ne-nasolabial folds lulinganiswe ngokuchanekileyo ngeenkqubo zobuchwephesha ze-3D skin imaging ngexesha elinesine: isiseko, imizuzu engama-20, imizuzu engama-40 kunye neeyure ezi-2 emva kokusetyenziswa.
Iziphumo eziphambili zeKliniki
1. Iinyawo zeCrow: Uphuculo oluphezulu lubonwa kwiiyure ezi-2
I-Spilanthol ihlasela ngokukhawuleza imibimbi ye-periocular ngokusebenzisa amandla axhomekeke kuxinzelelo. Iqela le-0.05% loxinzelelo oluphezulu lifumene uphuculo olukhulu emva kweeyure ezi-2 emva kokusetyenziswa:
▪️ Ukunciphisa umthamo wemibimbi: 12.68%
▪️ Ukunciphisa indawo yokushwabana: 14.33%
Kwiiyure nje ezimbini, ubunzulu kunye nokugubungela kwemigca emincinci ye-periocular kwancipha ngokubonakalayo.
2. Ukugoba kweNasolabial: Ukuqinisa ulusu ngokubanzi kunye nokuphucula ukugoba
Kuye kwabonwa uphuculo oluphawulekayo kwiindawo ezigobileyo ze-nasolabial, indawo yobuso ethanda ukwaluphala kakhulu, kwiqela le-spilanthol eliyi-0.05% emva kweeyure ezi-2:
▪️ Ukunciphisa umthamo wemibimbi: 10.70%
▪️ Ukunciphisa indawo yokushwabana: 10.52%
Ukulungiswa kwemibimbi ejikeleze ubuso nephakathi kuqinisekisa ukuba i-spilanthol iluncedo kakhulu ekulungiseni imibimbi eguqukayo kunye nokuqinisa ulusu ngoko nangoko.
3. Ukuphuculwa Okubonakalayo Kokubona Kwimizuzu Engama-20
Ukongeza kwidatha yezixhobo, ukufota ngaphakathi kuqinisekisa utshintsho olubonakalayo lolusu. Emva kwemizuzu engamashumi amabini emva kokusetyenziswa kwe-spilanthol, imigca emincinci ye-periocular engaphezulu iyagudiswa, ubume bolusu buba buhle kwaye buthambile, kwaye ulusu olugobileyo lubonisa ukuqina okubonakalayo.
isishwankatheloI-Spilanthol inika iziphumo zokuqala zokulwa nemibimbi kwimizuzu engama-20 kwaye ifikelela kwimpumelelo efanelekileyo kwiiyure ezi-2, iyenza buthuntu imigca yokubonakaliswa kunye nemigca emincinci engaphezulu ukuze ulusu luqine ngokukhawuleza nangokubonakalayo.
Izicelo zeBrand eziSekiweyo zeTECA Centella Triterpenes
1. ICentellian24 (iDongkook Pharmaceutical, eMzantsi Korea)
Njengophawu olusemgangathweni lwesicelo seTECA, iCentellian24 isebenzisa amashumi eminyaka etekhnoloji yeTECA centella triterpene enelungelo lobunikazi ephuhliswe yiDongkook Pharmaceutical. Ifomyula yayo ephambili iphuhliswe kwiMadecassol, isithambiso sokulungisa ezonyango esiqhelekileyo esinokhuseleko oluqinisekisiweyo ngokwezonyango kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokulungisa.
Iimveliso ezithengiswa kakhulu kuquka iMadeca Repair Cream, iAnti-Aging Time Cream kunye nePDRN Active Essence zisebenzisa ii-TECA complexes ezisemgangathweni ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezinemilinganiselo ephuculiweyo ye-centella actives ezintathu eziphambili. Ezi mveliso zigxile ekubuyiseleni imiqobo emva kwenkqubo, ukunciphisa ububomvu kunye nokuzinza kolusu olunobuthathaka, ezaziwa ngokubanzi njengokhathalelo lolusu olubalulekileyo emva konyango kwiikliniki zobuhle zaseKorea kwaye zisasazwa kwihlabathi liphela. Itekhnoloji ye-Active-TECA ephucukileyo idibanisa izibonelelo zokulungisa kunye nokulwa nokwaluphala ukunciphisa ukugoba kunye nokungacaci kolusu olonakeleyo.
2. Ulusu1004 eMadagascar
Igxile kwizithako zezityalo zaseMadagascar ezicocekileyo, iCentella TECA Repair Cream yophawu yenziwe ngetekhnoloji yeTECA ephuculweyo ye-50X ephinda ngokuchanekileyo izinto ezintathu eziphambili ze-triterpene. Ibandakanya ifomula encinci, engenako ukurhawuzelelwa, inika ukunciphisa ukubomvu imihla ngemihla, ukuqinisa imiqobo kunye nokunciphisa uvakalelo, ifanelekile ukuzinzisa rhoqo kunye nokubuyisela kancinci emva kwenkqubo. Yimveliso yokulungisa unyango edumileyo kwihlabathi liphela kwaye ingabizi kakhulu.
3. Umgca Wokuthomalalisa Nokulungisa weCeraVe Centella (eFransi)
Olu phawu luphambili lwehlabathi lokhathalelo lwezithintelo, uthotho lweCeraVe's centella lusebenzisa indlela eqhelekileyo yeCentella triterpene ehambelana nemigaqo yobugcisa yeTECA. Igcina i-asiaticoside ecocekileyo, i-asiatic acid kunye ne-madecassic acid ngaphandle kokungcola okungafanelekanga okanye i-fusel alcohol. Olu luhlu lubonelela ngokukhululeka okuthambileyo kokubomvu kunye nokubuyiselwa kwezithintelo, lulungele ukuthomalalisa ulusu olubuthathaka kunye nokulungiswa okusisiseko kwenkqubo emva kokuhombisa. Ngobume obulula, yenye yezona zisekelwe kwiTECA. ukhathalelo lolusu imigca.
4. Keyinme Centella Repair Series (China)
Njengophawu oluphambili lwasekhaya lokhathalelo lolusu emva kwenkqubo, iKeyinme isebenzisa i-centella triterpenes ecocekileyo kakhulu ehambelana nemigaqo yokulungisa ye-TECA. Idlula ngaphaya kwesiphumo esinye sokufumisa se-centella extracts eqhelekileyo, igxile ekulweni nokudumba, ukunciphisa ukubomvu, ukulungiswa kwe-keratin kunye nokuzinzisa ulusu ixesha elide. Ukusetyenziswa rhoqo emva kwe-microneedling kunye nonyango lwe-laser kunciphisa ngokukhawuleza ukubomvu okutshayo kwaye kukhawulezise ukuphiliswa kwemiqobo.
5. I-SkinCeuticals Soothing Repair Serum (Ifomula yeCentella Ephuculweyo)
Isebenza ngetekhnoloji ye-centella triterpene edityanisiweyo, le fomyula iphucula ukusebenza kokulungisa okusebenzisanayo kwezixhobo ezintathu eziphambili. Yenzelwe ulusu olubuthathaka kakhulu nolubuthathaka emva kwenkqubo, ifezekisa ukuthomalalisa ngokukhawuleza ukulwa nokuvuvukala, ukuvuselelwa kwemiqobo enzulu kunye nokuzinzisa ulusu ixesha elide. Ngomsebenzi ophezulu we-bioactivity kunye nokuvuleka, inceda ukhathalelo lolusu olukumgangatho ophezulu emva kwenkqubo.
Icandelo 02 Ukuvuselelwa Kwemiqobo Yexesha Elide kunye neTECA Centella Triterpenes
nezithambiso iinkqubo ezifana ne-microneedling kunye ne-laser therapy ziphazamisa okwethutyana i-stratum corneum kwaye ziphazamise ukusebenza komqobo wesikhumba, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kube bomvu obungapheliyo, ubushushu obutshayo, ukuqina okomileyo kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi. Kweli nqanaba lokuchacha, ulusu lubeka phambili ukuthomalalisa, ukunciphisa ubomvu kunye nokubuyiselwa komqobo endaweni yonyango lokulwa nokwaluphala okanye ukuqaqambisa.
Izicatshulwa ze-centella eziqhelekileyo zinika iziphumo ezilinganiselweyo zokuthomalalisa ezinomlinganiselo omnye. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, i-TECA Centella Triterpene Complex esemgangathweni yinkqubo yokulungisa ephuculiweyo eneenxalenye ezintathu eziphambili ezisebenzayo: i-asiaticoside, i-asiatic acid kunye ne-madecassic acid. Isebenza kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo ukunciphisa ukudumba, ukulungisa imiqobo yolusu kunye nokuzinzisa ulusu olubuthathaka emva kwenkqubo.
Unyango lwe-Microneedling kunye ne-laser luphazamisa okwethutyana umaleko wokukhusela ulusu, lubuthathaka ukhuselo lwe-epidermal kwaye ngokukhawuleza lutyhale ulusu lube kwimeko yokuvaleka kakhulu. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ziquka ukubomvu okukhulu, ukutsha kwendawo, ukungonwabi okuhlabayo, ukuqina okomileyo okuqhubekayo kunye nokugcinwa kwamanzi okuphazamisekileyo. Ulusu lusabela kakhulu kutshintsho lobushushu kunye nezinto ezibangela ukunakekelwa kolusu ngaphandle, lunokurhawuzelelwa kukubomvu nokurhawuzelelwa okuphindaphindiweyo.
Impazamo eqhelekileyo yokhathalelo lolusu ngexesha lokuchacha kukuqhuba iinkqubo eziqatha zokulwa nokwaluphala, ukuqaqambisa kunye nokukhupha ulusu olungcolileyo, ezibangela ulusu oluwonakeleyo kwaye zilibazise ukuvuselelwa kwemiqobo.
Izicatshulwa zeCentella eziqhelekileyo ziqulathe kuphela izinto ezisebenzayo, zinciphisa ukoma okungaphezulu kunye nokubomvu ngemiphumo yokulungisa ebuthathaka, engapheliyo. Njengesixhobo sokulungisa esicocekileyo kakhulu solusu olubuthathaka emva kwenkqubo, iTECA ilinganisa ngokuchanekileyo ii-triterpenes ezintathu eziphambili ngeendlela ezisebenzisanayo: i-asiaticoside inika ukuthomalalisa okunamandla okulwa nokuvuvukala ukuze kupheliswe ukutsha emva konyango, ukubomvu kunye nokuhlaba; i-asiatic acid ilungisa imiqobo eyonakeleyo kwaye ikhuthaza ukuvuselelwa kwe-keratinocyte; i-madecassic acid igcina ukuthomalalisa ixesha elide, inciphisa iimpendulo zoxinzelelo lwesikhumba kwaye ithintela uvakalelo oluphindaphindayo kunye nokubomvu.
Ingaba ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-TECA ukulungisa kungqinwa okanye kukhuthazwa nje? Siqhube uvavanyo olulawulwayo lweentsuku ezili-14 olujolise kwiinkqubo ezimbini eziphambili zokuhombisa: i-microneedling kunye ne-laser therapy.
Iprothokholi yovavanyo lwezonyango
Kwenziwe uphando olulawulwa ubuso obuqhekekileyo. Elinye icala lobuso lisetyenziswe ikrimu efakwe iTECA, ngelixa icala elingaphandle lisebenzise ikrimu ye-placebo engenanto. Iimeko zolusu zijongiwe emva kwemizuzu engama-30, iintsuku ezi-3 kunye neentsuku ezili-14 emva kokusetyenziswa. Ukusebenza kakuhle kokulungisa kuhlolwe ngokupheleleyo ngokulahleka kwamanzi e-transepidermal (TEWL), indawo ebomvu, i-erythema index (EI) kunye nohlalutyo lwe-VISIA skin imaging analysis.
Iziphumo eziphambili zeKliniki
1. Ukulungiswa emva kweMicroneedling: Ukuqinisa imiqobo kunye nokunciphisa ukubomvu ngokukhawuleza
Emva kweentsuku ezili-14 zokusetyenziswa rhoqo, icala eliphathwe yiTECA libonakalise ukuphucuka okuphezulu kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa neqela lolawulo:
▪️ Ukunciphisa i-TEWL: 29.47% (ukugcinwa kwamanzi eluswini kuphuculwe kakhulu)
▪️ Ukunciphisa ububomvu bobuso: 27.35%
I-VISIA imaging iqinisekisile ukunyamalala okuqhubekayo kwezilonda ze-erythema, ukubuyiselwa kancinci kancinci kwemiqobo kunye nokuzinza kolusu okuqhubekayo ngokuhamba kwexesha.
2. Ukulungiswa Emva kweLaser: Ukuthomalalisa ngoko nangoko kwemizuzu engama-30 kunye nokuvuselelwa ngokupheleleyo kweentsuku ezili-14
Ulusu olunyangwe nge-laser luba nokutsha okuqatha kunye nokuba bomvu ngakumbi. I-TECA ibonisa iingenelo ezimbini zokuthomalalisa ngoko nangoko kunye nokuvuselelwa kwexesha elide, iphumelela kakhulu kwiqela lolawulo kulo lonke umjikelo wokujonga. Iinkcukacha eziphambili emva kweentsuku ezili-14 zonyango zezi zilandelayo:
▪️ Ukuphuculwa kwemiqobo yolusu iyonke: 23.19%
▪️ Ukuphuculwa kwe-Erythema index: 18.42%
▪️ Ukuphuculwa kwendawo ebomvu ebusweni: 37.92%
I-TECA ikhawuleza ikhulule ububomvu obutshayo kwimizuzu engama-30, izinzise imeko yolusu kwisithuba seentsuku ezi-3, kwaye ibuyisela ngokupheleleyo imiqobo ebuthathaka kwisithuba seentsuku ezili-14, ivumela ukubuyiselwa kancinci kancinci kwendlela yokwakheka kolusu olusempilweni kwisikhumba esibuthathaka emva kwenkqubo.
Amatyala okusetyenziswa kwemveliso yeSpilanthol
1. I-Biotulin Anti-Wrinkle Serum (e-UK)
I-Biotulin yi-serum yokulwa nokwaluphala esekwe kwi-spilanthol ethengiswa kakhulu kwihlabathi liphela kwaye ithandwa kakhulu ngabantu abadumileyo baseYurophu naseMelika. Ibonisa ukuthambisa imibimbi kwangoko kweyure e-1 kwaye imele ukusetyenziswa kwe-spilanthol okusemthethweni kwezoshishino. Yenziwe ngobunyulu obuphezulu Acmella oleracea i-extract, ikhupha i-spilanthol enamandla ukuze iphumze kancinci izihlunu ezibonisa ubuso kunye neenyawo ezigudileyo ngokukhawuleza ze-crow's, imigca ye-glabellar kunye nemibimbi eguqukayo ye-perioral, ifezekisa ukuqina kwesikhumba okukhawulezileyo okungangenisi ntsholongwane kunye nokunciphisa imibimbi.
2. I-DMS Dermatologic Micro-Liposome Anti-Aging Firming Serum (eJamani)
Yimveliso yobungcali yokulwa nokwaluphala enefomyula ecocekileyo, engenavumba kwaye engacaphukisiyo. Igxile kwi-spilanthol ekwaziyo ukungena ngokukhawuleza kwaye idityaniswe neenkqubo zokufumisa i-amino acid, ilungelelanisa ukuthambisa imibimbi kwangoko kunye nokulungisa ulusu oluthambileyo. Ijolise kwimigca engeyiyo kunye nemibimbi engaphezulu ebangelwa kukubonakala kobuso okuphindaphindwayo, ikhulula uxinzelelo lwemisipha kwaye iphucula ulusu olurhabaxa, oludityanisiweyo, olufanelekileyo kukhathalelo lwemihla ngemihla lokulwa nokwaluphala kolusu olubuthathaka nolubuthathaka.
3. Ioyile yobuso eyondlayo yeProya Chrono
Le mveliso isebenzisa inkqubo eneziphumo ezimbini edibanisa i-spilanthol kunye ne-ascorbic acid derivatives ukuze kufezekiswe ukuthambisa imibimbi ngoko nangoko kunye nokukhuselwa kwexesha elide kwe-antioxidant. Ngokuphumza izihlunu zobuso, i-spilanthol iyayiphelisa imibimbi yexeshana eguquguqukayo ebangelwa kukuhlala ubuthongo kude kube sebusuku kunye nokubonakaliswa kobuso rhoqo kwaye inciphise ukudumba kunye nokuwa kobuso. Isiseko seoyile yesityalo evundisiweyo siqinisekisa ukungena okuphezulu kunye nokuthungwa okungahambelaniyo ne-comedogenic, ifanelekile kunyango lokuthintela ukwaluphala kwangethuba kunye nokuqina okungxamisekileyo ngaphambi kokuba kulungiswe.
4. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-Azelis Standardized Spilanthol Raw Material
Umthengisi wezithako ophambili kwihlabathi liphela i-Azelis uqalise iGatuline® Expression AF, iMadagascar esemgangathweni Acmella oleracea I-extract ene-spilanthol eqinisiweyo enoxinzelelo oluphezulu. Iqinisekiswe ngovavanyo olubanzi lwe-in-vitro kunye nolweklinikhi lwabantu, ithintela ngokufanelekileyo ukufinyela kwemisipha kwaye ifiphaze imibimbi enamandla. Esi sithako sisetyenziswe kakhulu kwi-firming serums, ii-anti-wrinkle creams kunye nee-eye creams ngamakhulu eenkampani zokhathalelo lolusu zehlabathi.
I-Leecosmetic: Ukusebenzisa imathiriyeli ekrwada evela kwiinkampani ezaziwayo kumazwe ngamazwe
I-Leecosmetic yi okhokelayo umenzi wezithambiso. Ibonelela ngemveliso yomgangatho ophezulu wezithambiso kumaxabiso akhuphisana kakhulu kunye nemilinganiselo ephantsi yeodolo.
Sinikezela ngoluhlu lweenkonzo, ezifana eleyibhile yabucala yokwenza izinto zokuthambisa, Ukwenziwa kwe-OEM/ODM, kunye nokubonelela ngesisombululo esipheleleyo sokubonelela ngemveliso kwiimpawu ezincinci kunye neziphakathi ze-cosmetics.
Njengomvelisi wezinto zokuthambisa wabucala okhula ngokukhawuleza, iLeecosmetic ibisebenzisa imathiriyeli ekrwada evela kwiinkampani ezaziwayo kumazwe ngamazwe ngendlela ekhuselekileyo nesebenzayo.
Qhagamshelana: https://leecosmetic.com/contactus/
Iingxelo:
- Basnet, P., & Skalko-Basnet, N. (2011). ICentella asiatica (L.) Urban: Ukusuka kwiNyango yeMveli ukuya kwiZithambiso zanamhlanje ezisebenza ngokuSebenza okuSekelwe kuBungqinaUphando lweFitotherapy, 25(8), 1129–1142.
- Faccendini, A., et al. (2020). I-Spilanthol evela kwi-Acmella oleracea: Isebenza ngokwendalo kwiZithako zokuKhathalela imibimbi. Ijenali ye-Cosmetic Dermatology, i-19 (10), i-2648-2656.
- UKim, JH, et al. (2018). Ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-Standardized Centella asiatica Triterpenoid Complex (TECA) yoLungiso lweZithintelo zoLusu kunye nokuNcitshiswa kwe-Erythema emva kweNkqubo. Ijenali yeZiyobisi kwiDermatology, 17(6), 642–648.
- Azelis. (2022). Ifayile yoBugcisa yeGatuline® Expression AF: Uphononongo lwezonyango lwabantu kwiSpilanthol yokunciphisa imibimbi ngokuDynamicIphepha Elimhlophe Lezithako Ezisebenzayo zeAzelis.
- Iqela loPhando leMadecassol®. (2019). Ukusetyenziswa kwe-Asiaticoside, i-Asiatic Acid kunye ne-Madecassic Acid (i-TECA Complex) kwezonyango kunye nokuhombisaIngxelo yoPhando lweMithi yaseDongkook.
- UPiao, uMJ, kunye nabanye. (2021). Iziphumo ezichasene nokudumba kunye nezikhuselayo zeCentella Triterpenes ezisemgangathweni kwi-Human Epidermis eyonakeleyo. Ijenali yeHlabathi yeNzululwazi yezoCosmetic, i-43 (3), i-312-320.
- UCosta, G., nabanye (2017). I-Acmella oleracea Extract: I-Spilanthol Isolation, Indlela Yokusebenza kunye noVavanyo lwe-In Vivo Anti-Wrinkle. IFitoterapia, 118, 112-119.
- UKim, SY, nabanye (2022). Uvavanyo lweKlinikhi oluHlanganisiweyo lwe-TECA Complex yokuPhila emva kwe-Fractional Laser Microneedling. I-Skin Pharmacology kunye nePhysiology, i-35 (4), i-210-218.
- Iqela loPhando lweBiotulin. (2020). Uvavanyo lwe-In-Vivo lwe-Acmella oleracea Extract equlethe i-Spilanthol yokukhulula imigca yokubonakalisa ubuso ngoko nangoko. Izithambiso, 7(3), 64.
- Draelos, ZD (2020). Izinto Ezisebenzayo Zezityalo Zokubuyisela Ulusu Emva KobuhleIjenali yeCosmetic Dermatology, 19 (Suppl 1), S18–S25.
