Intuthuko Ekwakhekeni Kobuhle: Ama-CO₂-Derived Fermentation Lipids Njengendlela Eqhubekayo Engashintshwa Ngamafutha Esundu

Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwesayensi, igesi ebamba ukushisa i-CO₂ manje ingaguqulwa ibe uwoyela! Ngaphakathi kwemboni yezimonyo, abacwaningi bafuna ngokungakhathali izinto zokusetshenziswa ezinempilo nezinobungani nemvelo. Amandla okuguqula amagesi abamba ukushisa abe izithako zezimonyo ezihlala isikhathi eside ngokubamba ikhabhoni amelela ukusebenzisana okuphelele kwesayensi nokusimama. Ngo-2026, ososayensi baphinde bandisa imingcele ye-CO₂ njengomthombo ohlala isikhathi eside.

Muva nje, iMibelle Group eseSwitzerland , inkampani yaseMelika ye-biotech iLanzaTech , kanye neFraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology (Fraunhofer IGB) eJalimane bamemezele ngokubambisana ukwenziwa kwento entsha ye-lipid kusetshenziswa i-CO₂. Lokhu kusungulwa kukulungele ukuba yindlela eqhubekayo esikhundleni samafutha esundu.

Kungani ososayensi belangazelela kangaka ukuthola indawo yamafutha esundu? Yiziphi izinzuzo zale lipid entsha etholakala ku-CO₂? Ake sichaze le nto entsha eguqukayo.

Ingxenye 01: Inkinga Yemvelo Yamafutha Esundu

Amafutha esundu yiwoyela wemifino okhiqizwa kakhulu emhlabeni futhi uyisithako esibalulekile ezimonyweni.

Ngokusho kwedatha evela ku -Grand View Research , imakethe yomhlaba wonke yamafutha esundu idlule amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-70 ngo-2024. Ukukhiqiza kulindeleke ukuthi kuqhubeke nokukhula kuze kube ngu-2026, okubonisa isimo lapho ukunikezwa kwempahla kunzima ukuhlangabezana nesidingo.

Nakuba imboni yezimonyo isebenzisa cishe u-2% kuphela wamafutha esundu emhlabeni wonke, izinto eziphuma kuwo zitholakala yonke indawo. Isibonelo, amafutha esundu ayisandulela esibalulekile sokwenziwa nokukhiqizwa kwama-surfactants, ama-fatty alcohols, kanye nama-emulsifier asetshenziswa kuma-formula wezimonyo angaphezu kuka-70%.

Kodwa-ke, ukukhiqizwa kwamafutha esundu kuvame ukuba nezindleko zemvelo. Ubufakazi bubonisa ukuthi ukukhula komkhiqizo wawo kuhlobene kakhulu nokubhujiswa kwamahlathi emvula asezindaweni ezishisayo, ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ye-peatland, kanye nokulahlekelwa yizinto eziphilayo. Ucwaningo olushicilelwe ku- Nature Communications lubonisa ukuthi ukuguqula ihektha elilodwa lamahlathi emvula asezindaweni ezishisayo libe yihlathi lesundu kukhipha cishe amathani ayi-174 ekhabhoni . Ngokuphambene nalokho, i-ethanol ethathwe yikhabhoni ekhiqizwa ngobuchwepheshe be-LanzaTech inciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa ngamaphesenti angaphezu kuka -70 uma kuqhathaniswa nezinqubo zendabuko zikaphethiloli (Umthombo: Umbiko Wokusimama we-LanzaTech 2024 ).

Ingabe amanye amafutha ezitshalo angayithatha indawo yawo? Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ezinye izitshalo zikawoyela zingalimaza kakhulu ukusetshenziswa komhlaba. Ngokusho kwe- Our World in Data , uwoyela wesundu ukhiqiza u- 36% wokukhiqizwa kukawoyela wemifino emhlabeni wonke kuyilapho kusetshenziswa u-10% kuphela wendawo yokutshala uwoyela emhlabeni. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukushintshela kwamanye amafutha emifino alula kungadinga indawo ephindwe kane kuya kweyishumi , okungasongela ukumbozwa kwamahlathi emhlabeni jikelele.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izidingo zomthetho zomhlaba wonke ziyaqina. Ukuqaliswa koMthetho Wokugawulwa Kwamahlathi e-EU (i-EUDR) kwenze "ukulandeleka okungenakho ukugawulwa kwamahlathi" kwaba yimfuneko yokuthobela imithetho ephoqelekile, kanti izinhlawulo ezingaba khona zifinyelela ku- 4% wenzuzo yonyaka yenkampani.

Ingxenye 02: Kusukela ku-CO₂ kuya ku-“Fermentation Lipids”

Ukuhluka kwale phrojekthi kusekusebenziseni kwayo “ukulahla imfucuza ibe yinani”. Ekugcineni, kusiza ekunciphiseni ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni emoyeni. Njengoba izindleko zokukhiqiza zincipha esikhathini esizayo, ukubanjwa kwekhabhoni kuzoba nenzuzo enkulu.

Inqubo inezinyathelo ezimbili:

Ukubiliswa Kwegesi: I-LanzaTech isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokubiliswa kwegesi ukuguqula i-CO₂ ebanjiwe ibe utshwala.

Ukuguqulwa Kwamafutha: Esigabeni sesibili sokubiliswa esiholwa yiFraunhofer IGB, imvubelo ye-oleaginous ifakwa ukuguqula utshwala bube amafutha. Le nqubo incike ngokuphelele kuma-microorganisms angokwemvelo, igwema imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi noma eyingozi emvelweni.

Ukuhlaziywa kokuqala okuvela ku-Fraunhofer IGB kukhombisa ukuthi isilinganiso se- palmitic acid (C16:0) ne -oleic acid (C18:1) kula ma-lipid okubila singalungiswa ngesandla. Ngokungafani namafutha esundu emvelo, angaphansi kokuguquguquka kwekhwalithi okubangelwa yisimo sezulu, lawa ma-lipid angalawuleka kalula, kanti ukuhlukahluka kokwakheka kugcinwa ngaphakathi kuka- ±2% (Umthombo: Idatha yokuhlola ye-Fraunhofer IGB ).

Ukuhlolwa kwe-physicochemical kubonisa ukuthi lawa “mafutha okuvubela” acishe afane namafutha esundu ngokwemigomo yokumelana nokushisa, isikhathi sokuphelelwa yisikhathi, kanye nesivuno esikhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, idatha yelabhorethri evela ku -Mibelle Biochemistry iphakamisa ukuthi lawa mafutha anganikeza izinzuzo zokunakekelwa kwesikhumba ezinhle kakhulu. Aqukethe ingxenye ephezulu yama-asidi amafutha angagcwalisiwe, awusizo kubantu. Ekuhlolweni kokulungiswa kwezithiyo zesikhumba, ukuthuthuka kokulahlekelwa kwamanzi e-Transepidermal (TEWL) kwakuphakeme ngo-15% kunokwamafutha esundu ajwayelekile acwengisisiwe.

Ingxenye 03: Ukwandisa Ukukhula – Uhambo Lusanda Kuqala

E -Fraunhofer Center for Chemical-Biotechnological Processes (CBP) eLeuna, eJalimane, lo msebenzi uqede ngempumelelo ukuqinisekiswa kokukhiqiza ngesilinganiso samakhilogramu. Lesi yisinyathelo esibalulekile, okubonisa ukuthi ukuguquka kusuka ekufezeni kwelebhu kuya ekukhiqizeni ngesilinganiso sezimboni kuya ngokuya kusebenziseka.

Abameleli ababalulekile embonini babekhona ekuqalisweni kwale phrojekthi, okubalwa kubo uDkt. Jennifer Holmgren (i-CEO yeLanzaTech), uDkt. Peter Müller (i-CEO yeMibelle Group), kanye noDkt. Markus Wolperdinger (uMqondisi weFraunhofer IGB).

“Ngokubambisana nobuchwepheshe besayensi be-Fraunhofer IGB, sibeka amazinga amasha embonini yonke,” kusho uPeter Müller.

USusanne Heldmaier , iNhloko yoCwaningo kanye nokuQamba Okusha kwezobuchwepheshe eMibelle Group, wanezela: “Ngemuva kwempumelelo elabhorethri, sesingene esigabeni sokuhlola. Lesi yisinyathelo esibalulekile sokuthola amafutha ethu okuqala asezingeni eliphezulu, azosisiza ukuthi sakhe izimonyo ezinakekela isikhumba kanye nendawo ezungezile.”

Nakuba impumelelo ithole ukunakwa okukhulu, ochwepheshe basikhumbuza ukuthi ukuthengiswa ngezinga elikhulu—kufinyelele ekukhiqizweni kwezinga elikhulu—kusalokhu kuyinselele. Izithiyo zesikhathi esizayo zifaka phakathi ukugcina ukusebenza kahle kokubilisa okuzinzile ngezinga elikhulu, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amaphrofayili e-fatty acid ahlangabezana nezidingo zokwakheka, kanye nokwenza ngcono izindleko zokuhlanza nezamandla ezingezansi.

Noma kunjalo, naphezu kokuguquguquka kochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla kanye nesidingo esikhulayo semakethe, i-“CO₂-njengezinto ezingavuthiwe” ikulungele ukuba yingxenye ebalulekile yokuncintisana yemikhiqizo.

Ingxenye 04: Izicelo Zefomula Namacala Omkhiqizo

Nakuba ukufakwa esikhundleni samafutha esundu ngokuqondile “ngama-lipid okuvundisa” kusesigabeni sokuhlola, ezinye izithako zokuhlobisa ezakhiwe kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-LanzaTech's CarbonSmart™ sezivele zisemakethe.

Icala 1: I-Coty (Gucci) — Iphunga Lotshwala Elithathwe Ikhabhoni

Umkhiqizo: I-Gucci “Lapho Inhliziyo Yami Ishaya Khona” (Iqoqo Le-Alchemist's Garden).

Ukusetshenziswa: Iphunga lokuqala emhlabeni elisakazwa emhlabeni wonke elenziwe nge-ethanol ebanjwe yi-carbon engu-100% njengotshwala obuyisisekelo, okufakazela ukuphepha nokusebenza kwezentengiselwano kwezithako ezithathwe yi-CO₂ ephunga elimnandi.

Icala 2: I-Beiersdorf (i-Nivea) — I-Moisturizer Ethathwe Ikhabhoni

Umkhiqizo: I-Nivea Men Climate Care Moisturizer.

Ukusetshenziswa: Lo mkhiqizo usebenzisa i-ethanol ebanjwe yikhabhoni efomini yawo, okumele ukusetshenziswa okuphumelelayo ngaphakathi kohlu olufanayo lobuchwepheshe.

Icala 3: I-L'Oréal — Ukupakishwa Kwepulasitiki Ethathwe Ikhabhoni

Isicelo: Ngokubambisana neLanzaTech kanye neTotalEnergies, i-L'Oréal yathuthukisa amashubhu ezimonyo e-Polyethylene (PE) enziwe ngokukhishwa kwekhabhoni yezimboni, okwandisa ukubanjwa kwekhabhoni kusukela kufomula kuya ekupakishweni.

Icala 4: Iqembu leMibelle — Potz & Migos Plus

Ukusetshenziswa: I-Mibelle isivele ifake ama-surfactant asekelwe ku-ethanol ye-LanzaTech emigqeni yayo yokukhiqiza ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya nokunakekelwa komuntu siqu eSwitzerland.