Kodi mungaganize kuti zodzoladzola zomwe timagwiritsa ntchito masiku ano: kupititsa patsogolo mawonekedwe athu ndi kukongola kwathu, zidachokera m'nthawi yakale ya ku Egypt ndipo zidagwiritsidwa ntchito pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana?
Ndi blog iyi lero, tibwerera m'mbuyo zaka 6,000 kuti timvetsetse kufunikira kwa kusinthika kwa zinthu. Zodzoladzola & Zodzoladzola pankhani ya chitetezo ndi kuyesa. Kuwona koyamba kwa zodzoladzola kungalondoledwe ku Igupto wakale, kumene zodzoladzola zinali ngati muyezo wachuma wokopa milungu yawo ndipo analingaliridwa kukhala pafupi ndi umulungu. Zodzoladzola zinali ndi zolinga zambiri monga kuthetsa maso oipa ndi mizimu yoopsa, zifuno zachipatala, kukondweretsa Milungu, ndi kusiyanitsa udindo wa anthu. Kuwonedwa ngati gwero lamphamvu zamunthu, Kohl anali m'modzi mwa zodzoladzola zodziwika bwino zomwe zikufanana ndi mthunzi wamaso wakuda wamasiku ano. Anavala ngakhale milomo yofiira, yomwe inkapangidwa ndi kusakaniza mafuta ndi ocher wofiira komanso kugwiritsa ntchito Henna, kuti awononge nsonga ndi zala zawo. Pambuyo pake, inapita ku Greece ndi Roma wakale, zaka 4000 zapitazo, kumene anthu kumeneko anayesetsa kuti awonekere mwachibadwa, kumene akazi, ankakonda kuvala zokopa zowala pamasaya ndi milomo ndi zosakaniza zimene zopakapaka zimenezi zinatengedwa. , anachokera ku zosakaniza za zomera ndi zipatso pamodzi ndi utoto ndi mercury (omwe tsopano akunenedwa kukhala chinthu chapoizoni) pamodzi ndi uchi ndi mafuta a azitona. Panthawiyi, kupangidwa kwa ufa wa light foundation, moisturiser, and cleanser, kunali kutachitika ndipo mofanana ndi izo, makala ankagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti nsidze ziwonongeke.
Kuchokera ku Ulaya, ulendo wa zodzoladzola unafika ku China, zaka 600 mpaka 1500 zapitazo, kumene mafumu a ku China, ndi kupangidwa kwa misomali ya misomali, anayamba kuigwiritsa ntchito kuimira chikhalidwe chawo. Kumbali imodzi, Atsogoleri apamwamba amavala siliva kapena golide, kumbali ina, atsogoleri otsika amavala zakuda kapena zofiira ndipo magulu otsika kwambiri amaletsedwa kuvala misomali iliyonse. Kuphatikiza apo, adagwiritsanso ntchito maziko olekanitsa pakati pa mafumu ndi ogwira ntchito. Pigment yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zodzoladzola zambiri idapangidwa ndi zophika zophika, mafuta anyama, ndi zonunkhira, vermillion. Kupita patsogolo, pafupifupi zaka 500 zapitazo, nthaŵi imene olemba achikristu anayamba kupanga mgwirizano pakati pa zodzoladzola ndi kulekana ndi lingaliro la Elizabeth la kukongola linatchuka. Azimayi molimba mtima anayamba kugwira ntchito yosamalira khungu, kuti adzipatse okha maonekedwe a khungu lopanda chilema pogwiritsa ntchito maphikidwe opangira kunyumba, ndipo zonse zinasintha kuyambira pamenepo. Mkazi aliyense anayamba kubudula nsidze, whitening khungu, ntchito vinyo wosasa ndi woyera lead ndi utoto masaya awo ndi milomo ndi dzira zoyera, ocher, ndipo ngakhale mercury. Tsoka ilo, kukongola kumeneku kunabwera pamtengo wowopsa ku thanzi lawo ndipo kunathandizira kwambiri kutsitsa moyo wawo kukhala zaka 29. Pambuyo pake, ndikukula kwina, zodzoladzola zinayamba kukhululukidwa ngati zosaoneka bwino, ndipo izi zinapangitsa kuti asamavale, koma izi sizinatenge nthawi yaitali ndi kukula kwa Hollywood, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti malonda a kukongola apite patsogolo, ndipo kuyambira pamenepo, anayamba. kugulitsidwa kwa anthu ambiri. Ndipo m'dziko lamasiku ano, malingaliro athu pa zodzoladzola ndi okulirapo ndipo akulimbikitsidwa kwa aliyense wamtundu uliwonse, jenda ndi kalasi. Zodzoladzola lero zilibe zopinga!
Safety Choyamba
Kwa zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, monga momwe takhala tikuwonera, mafakitale a Kukongola ndi Zodzoladzola akukula mofulumira. Izi zapangitsa kuti zotchinga zitsitse kulowa, ndipo aliyense atha kuyambitsa mtundu wawo wokongola. Ngakhale kuti izi zatipatsa mwayi wopanga zinthu zosangalatsa komanso zosokoneza ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, pali nkhawa zokhudzana ndi chitetezo chazinthu. Akatswiri ambiri odziwa zamankhwala amalimbikitsa kuti, ngati zonona, mafuta odzola kapena zotsukira zikafika pamsika, kuyesa chitetezo, mtundu, komanso mphamvu zake ndizofunikira kuti zitsimikizire kuti mankhwalawa sakuvulaza ogwiritsa ntchito ndikuteteza mtundu ku zovuta zilizonse zamalamulo zomwe zingachitike pamzerewu. . Kuyesa kwazinthu zodzikongoletsera kumachitidwa poyesa zodzikongoletsera kuti zitsimikizire kuti ndizotetezeka pakhungu kapena thupi. Popeza kuti zodzoladzola zodzikongoletsera zimakhudzana mwachindunji ndi khungu, zimatha kukhala zovulaza ngati zili ndi chinthu chilichonse choyipa komanso chovulaza. Kukula kwamtundu uliwonse kwapangitsa kuti tisamangobwereza zomwe zidachitika m'mbuyomu. Chifukwa chake, makampani omwe amapanga zodzoladzola zabwino kwambiri ayenera kusunga kukhulupirika kwa mtundu wawo. Kuyesa kwazinthu kumakhala ndi gawo lofunikira pazogulitsa zomwe zimagulitsidwa, kupangitsa kuti zikhale zopindulitsa kwa kampani, wogulitsa, komanso makamaka kwa wogula kapena wogwiritsa ntchito. Pali zifukwa zambiri zoyesera zodzoladzola moyenera, kukhala kuteteza zofuna za kampani, kapena kuonetsetsa kuti mukuteteza thanzi ndi chitetezo cha ogula pogwiritsa ntchito zinthuzo.
Popeza lingaliro la zodzoladzola zambiri ndikuti ndizosakhalitsa komanso zamphamvu nthawi zonse. Chitetezo chikalephera, chikhoza kuwononga kosatha, nthawi zambiri osati khungu lokha komanso maso. Zowopsa kwa ogula ndizowopsa kwa kampaniyo. Posayesa malonda awo ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ndi otetezeka kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito, makampani akutenga mwayi kuti china chake chitha kusokonekera ndipo atha kukhala ndi mlandu.
Ndikofunikira kuvomereza kuti kampani iliyonse imatha kupanga zopangira zowoneka bwino kwambiri kapena njira zofulumira zopezera ogula kuti agule chinthu choyambacho, koma mtundu wa chinthucho chokha ungatsimikizire makasitomala mobwerezabwereza. Poyesa zodzoladzola zawo, makampani akuwonetsetsa kuti malonda awo azikhala nthawi yayitali kunyumba kuti kasitomala ayambe kukondana. Zolepheretsa zimenezi ndi zinthu monga kusintha kwa fungo la mankhwala, kulekanitsa zamadzimadzi mu zodzoladzola, ngakhalenso kuyabwa pakhungu. Zinthu zonsezi zimatha kuzindikirika poyesa ndikukonzanso zinthu zisanafike kwa ogula.
Pogulitsa chinthu chatsopano, kampani iyenera kuyesa kuti iwonetsetse kuti ikugulitsa. Mayesowa adzawathandizanso kudziwa ngati mankhwala awo ali pachiwopsezo cholekanitsa, kusintha mitundu, kapena kununkhira koyipa. Osati izi zokha, komanso za momwe angatchulire komanso ngati ogula akuyenera kupatsidwa malangizo enieni osungira bwino, yesetsani komanso kuti angagwiritse ntchito nthawi yayitali bwanji atatsegula asanathe. Pogwiritsa ntchito njira zoyesera, makampani opanga zodzoladzola ali ndi mwayi wowonera molondola kuchuluka kwazinthu zawo.
Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation
Kukhulupirira kwa ogula kumakhala kovuta kwambiri kupeza koma kutaya kungakhale kophweka ngati mwachidule. Kutengera dziko lomwe munthu akugulitsa malonda awo, malamulo osiyanasiyana amatsatira. Mwachitsanzo, ku European Union, opanga ayenera kutsatira malamulo otchulidwa pansi pa Product Information File (PIF) ndikuchita mayeso ena ovomerezeka. Kumbali ina ku USA, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) imayang'anira chitetezo chazinthu. Ku India, CDSCO imatchula zodzikongoletsera ngati chinthu china chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu kuti azipaka pakhungu poyeretsa, kukongoletsa, kapena kukulitsa mawonekedwe. Ku India, kuvomereza kwa CDSCO kumafunikira pazowonjezera zamitundu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito muzodzola ndi mankhwala. Zodzoladzolazo ziyenera kulembedwa moyenerera ndipo zisaipitsidwe ndi kulembedwa molakwika mulimonse. Komabe, mmodzi ali ndi udindo wovomerezeka mwalamulo kupanga zinthu zosatetezeka komanso zolembedwa mosayenera. Chilolezocho chimaperekedwa pambuyo poti zinthuzo zawonedwa kuti ndi zotetezeka mokwanira.
Mayeso: Mungawonetse bwanji kuti Zodzikongoletsera Ndi Zotetezeka?
Ngakhale kuti mayesowa amatha kusiyanasiyana m'maiko, kuperekedwa pansipa ndiko kuyesa kofala kwambiri komwe kumathandiza kuwonetsetsa kuti zodzikongoletsera ndizotetezeka kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito, ndipo zitha kukhala zosiyana, kutengera gulu ndi zonena ndi zosakaniza zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
- Kuyeza kwa Microbiological: Monga tikudziwira kuti chirichonse chili ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, komanso zinthu zodzikongoletsera. Koma zoona zake n’zakuti, zimatha kukhala zovulaza kwa ogula panthawi yomwe akugwiritsa ntchito ndipo zimatha kupangitsa kuti mabakiteriya asakanizidwe ndi mankhwala ena, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zisinthe ndikupangitsa kuti zikhale zoopsa. Ndipamene mayesowa amabwera ku zokolola. Kuyeza kwa Microbiological kumathandizira kupanga kuti ayang'ane kachitidwe kosungirako ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mankhwalawo alibe kukula kulikonse kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Zitsanzo zazinthuzo zimayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimathandiza kuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa mabakiteriya, yisiti kapena bowa. Ndipo ngakhale pambuyo pake amaperekedwa ku Mayeso a Challenge omwe amadziwikanso kuti Preservative Effectiveness Test, kuti athandizire kuzindikira koyambirira kwa chiwopsezo cha kukula koteroko.
- Kuyesa Zitsanzo Zodzikongoletsera: Kuyesa kwazinthu zodzikongoletsera kuyenera kuchitidwa molingana ndi zofunikira za Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) komanso kukwaniritsa njira zolembetsera zodzikongoletsera zochokera kunja. Komanso, iyeneranso kukwaniritsa zomwe wopanga, wogula ndi wogula aliyense. Kuyesa kwachitsanzo kumaphatikizapo zotsatirazi
- Kusanthula kwakuthupi ndi kwamankhwala kwazinthu zopangira ndi zosakaniza zogwira ntchito
- Mayeso otetezedwa kuti awone kukhalapo kwa zitsulo zolemera mu zodzoladzola, mitundu yoletsedwa ndi mankhwala
- Yang'anani khalidwe la Microbiological kuti muwonetsetse kuti palibe mawerengedwe a tizilombo ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda
- Kuyerekeza koyenera komanso kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimagwira ntchito
- Kuyesa kwakuthupi komwe kumaphatikizapo magawo monga kukhuthala, kuthekera kufalikira, kuyesa kukankha, kuyesa kolipira
- Chiyerekezo cha sun protection factor
- Kukwiya kwapakhungu ndi maphunziro okhudzidwa;
- Kuyesa kukhazikika, kutsimikiza moyo wa alumali, ndi zina.
- Kuyesa Kukhazikika: Palinso mwayi waukulu wa zochitika zachilengedwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chinthucho chisinthidwe ndikukhala osatetezeka kwa ogula pakapita nthawi. Ndipamene mayesowa ayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Mayeso okhazikika amathandizira opanga kuti awonetsetse kuti nthawi yashelufu ya zinthuzo, chinthucho chimasunga mawonekedwe ake amankhwala ndi ma microbiological ndikuchita ntchito zake komanso kusunga mawonekedwe ake. Mu ichi, zitsanzo za mankhwala zimayikidwa pansi pa zochitika zenizeni kuti zitsimikizire kukhazikika kwawo ndi kukhulupirika kwawo ndikuyang'ana kusintha kulikonse kwa mtundu, fungo kapena mbali iliyonse ya thupi. Mayesowa amathandizanso opanga kuwunika momwe amasungirako ndikudziwiratu moyo wawo wa alumali.
- Magwiridwe Kuyesedwa: Mayesowa amasunga maziko ake kuchokera pazifukwa zazikulu zomwe wogula amasankha kugula chinthu, chomwe ndi chidziwitso chochokera pa ntchito zake ndi zotsatira zogwiritsa ntchito pambuyo pake. Kuyesa kagwiridwe ka ntchito ndi mayeso omwe amachitidwa kuti awonetse zomwe zimanenedwa ndi chinthucho ndikuwonetsetsa ngati ndi zenizeni kapena zabodza. Imakomedwa ndi mankhwalawo potengera momwe amagwirira ntchito, momwe angagwiritsire ntchito, kulimba kwake komanso magwiridwe ake. ndizofunikanso kuwonetsetsa kuti zonse zomwe zikulimbikitsidwa zimatsimikiziridwa. Izi zitha kumveka ndi chitsanzo: Tinene, mtundu uliwonse wa XYZ umalimbikitsa mankhwala ake ndi tagline yolimbana ndi ziphuphu mkati mwa maola 24. kotero mayesowa amatsimikizira kuti amachita zomwe amadzinenera kapena ayi.
- Kuyesa kwa Chitetezo ndi Toxicology: Mayesowa amathandiza opanga kudziwa ngati chinthu chilichonse chamankhwala ndi zosakaniza zimaperekedwa ndi chiopsezo chilichonse zikagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi makasitomala kapena ayi. Chifukwa chake kuwonetsetsa kuti zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito sizikhala ndi poizoni, mayesowa amachitidwa. Mayesero angapo amaphatikizidwa kuti awonetsere momwe mankhwalawo amagwirira ntchito akakumana ndi khungu komanso kuyabwa kwamaso, dzimbiri, kulowa mkati, komanso kukhudzidwa.
- Kuyesa Kogwirizana ndi Packaging: Kuphatikiza pa kuyesa kwazinthu, ndikofunikira kuti ma phukusiwo ayesedwenso, makamaka omwe akukhudzana mwachindunji ndi zomwe zatsirizidwa chifukwa mankhwala amatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi chinthu china chilichonse ndipo amatha kuyika chiwopsezo kwa makasitomala. Mayesowa awona ngati pali zopinga zilizonse pakati pa kapangidwe kazinthu ndi kuyika.
Ma Laboratories Oyesa Zodzikongoletsera ku India
Dziko lathu lili ndi ma laboratories odziwika bwino oyesa zodzikongoletsera ku India, ena mwa iwo ndi awa:
- Gujarat Laboratory
- Sigma Tests & Research Center
- Spectro Analytical Lab
- Arbo Pharmaceuticals
- Kafukufuku wa Auriga
- Ma laboratories a RCA
- Akums Drugs & Pharmaceuticals etc.
Pankhani ya zodzikongoletsera, chitetezo ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe ogula amafuna. Kuyesa chinthu ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti muwonetsetse ndikuchepetsa chiwopsezo ndikuwonetsetsa chitetezo chazodzikongoletsera. Malamulo tsopano akulimbitsidwa chifukwa zinthuzi zimakhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu ku thanzi la ogula ndipo kuyambira pano ziyenera kukhala zamakono pamene zimayambitsidwa ndipo ziyenera kudzipereka ku khalidwe ndi chitetezo.
