Loluphi uhlobo loVavanyo olufunekayo kwiiMveliso zeZithambiso?

Ngaba ubunokuqikelela ukuba izimonyo esizisebenzisayo namhlanje: ukomeleza iimpawu zethu kunye nobuhle, zineengcambu zayo kwixesha lamandulo laseYiputa kwaye zazisetyenziselwa iinjongo ezahluke ngokupheleleyo?

Ngale bhlog namhlanje, siza kubuyela emva kwiminyaka engama-6,000 ukuqonda ukubaluleka kokuvela kwe Make-up & Cosmetics kumxholo wokhuseleko novavanyo. Umbono wokuqala ngezithambiso unokulandwa kwiYiputa yamandulo, apho izithambiso zazisetyenziswa njengomlinganiselo wobutyebi ukuze zibe nomtsalane koothixo bazo yaye zazigqalwa njengezilandela ukuhlonel’ uThixo. I-Makeup yafeza iinjongo ezininzi zokoyisa amehlo angendawo kunye nemimoya eyingozi, iinjongo zonyango, ukukholisa uThixo, kunye nokwahlula umgangatho ekuhlaleni. Ubonwa njengomthombo wamandla omntu, u-Kohl wayeyenye yezona zinto zithandwa kakhulu zifana nesithunzi samehlo esimnyama sanamhlanje. Bade banxibe i-lipstick ebomvu, eyenziwe ngokuxuba amafutha kunye ne-ocher ebomvu kwaye bade basebenzise i-Henna, ukungcolisa iminwe yabo kunye neenzwane zabo. Kamva, yaya kwiGrisi neRoma yamandulo, malunga neminyaka engama-4000 eyadlulayo, apho abantu balapho babezabalazela ukuzuza inkangeleko yendalo ngakumbi, apho abafazi, babekhetha ukunxiba ukukhanya okumibalabala ezidleleni nasemilebeni kunye nezithako ekukhutshwe kuzo le makeup. , yavela ekuxubeni izityalo neziqhamo kunye nedayi nemekyuri (ngoku ebizwa ngokuba yityhefu) kunye nobusi neoli yomnquma. Ngeli xesha, ukuveliswa komgubo wesiseko esikhanyayo, isimanzi, kunye nesicoci, senzeke kwaye sihambelana nayo, ilahle yayisetyenziselwa ukwenza amashiya abe nesibindi.

Ukusuka eYurophu, uhambo lwe-makeup lwaya e-China, malunga ne-600 ukuya kwi-1500 kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, apho ubukhosi baseTshayina, ngokusungulwa kwe-nail polish, baqala ukuyisebenzisa ukumela isimo sabo sentlalo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iinkokeli eziPhakamileyo zembatha isilivere okanye umbala wegolide, kwelinye icala, iinkokeli eziphantsi zinxiba ezimnyama okanye ezibomvu kwaye iiklasi eziphantsi kakhulu zazinqatshelwe ukugqoka nayiphi na i-nail polish. Ukongeza, basebenzise iziseko zokwahlula phakathi kwasebukhosini kunye nabasebenzi. I-pigment esetyenziswa kwizithambiso ezininzi yenziwa zizityalo ezibilayo, amafutha ezilwanyana, kunye neziqholo, i-vermillion. Ukuqhubela phambili, malunga neminyaka engama-500 eyadlulayo, ixesha apho ababhali abangamaKristu baqalisa ukwenza unxulumano phakathi kwezithambiso kunye nokwahlukana kunye nembono kaElizabeth yobuhle yafumana ukuthandwa. Abasetyhini ngokungqongqo baqala ukusebenza kukhathalelo lwesikhumba, ukuze bazinike inkangeleko yolusu olungenasiphako ngokwendalo besebenzisa iiresiphi zasekhaya, kwaye yonke into yatshintsha ukusukela ngoko. Owasetyhini ngamnye waqala ukuncothula amashiya, esenza mhlophe ulusu, esebenzisa iviniga nelothe emhlophe aze afake imibala ezidleleni nemilebe yawo ngamaqanda amhlophe, ocher, kunye nemekyuri. Ngelishwa, ezi ndlela zobuhle zeza ngexabiso lengozi enkulu kwimpilo yabo kwaye zadlala indima enkulu ekwehliseni ubomi babo bufikelele kwiminyaka engama-29. Kamva, ngophuhliso olongezelelweyo, i-makeup yakholelwa ukuba ayifani neladylike, kwaye oku kwadala umqolo wokuyinxiba, kodwa oku akuzange kuhlale ixesha elide ngokukhula kweHollywood, okwabangela ukuba imboni yobuhle iphumelele, kwaye ukususela ngoko, yaqala. ukuba ithengiswe ebantwini. Kwaye kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, iingcinga zethu malunga ne-makeup zibanzi kwaye zikhuthazwa kuye wonke umntu walo lonke uhlanga, isini kunye neklasi. I-Makeup namhlanje ayinayo imiqobo!

LoKhuselo lokuqala

Kule minyaka ingamashumi adlulileyo, njengoko besibona, amashishini e-Beauty and Cosmetics akhula ngokukhawuleza. Oku kubangele ukuthotywa kwemiqobo ekungeneni, kwaye nabani na unokuqalisa ngokulula uphawu lwabo lobuhle. Ngelixa oku kusinike ngokunenzuzo ezinye iibrendi ezinomdla neziphazamisayo kunye neemveliso ezinoluhlu olubanzi, kukho iinkxalabo malunga nokhuseleko lwemveliso. Uninzi lwamachiza obuhle baxhasa inyani yokuba, ukuba nayiphi na ikhrimu, i-lotion okanye isicoci sifika emarikeni, ukuyivavanya ukhuseleko, umgangatho, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba imveliso ayenzakalisi abasebenzisi kwaye ikhusela iibrendi kuzo naziphi na iingxaki zomthetho ezinokubakho ezantsi komgca. . Uvavanyo lwemveliso yezithambiso lwenziwa ukuvavanya iimveliso zokuthambisa ukuqinisekisa ukuba zikhuselekile eluswini okanye emzimbeni. Ekubeni iimveliso zokuthambisa zidibana ngokuthe ngqo nolusu, zinokuba yingozi ukuba zinokuthi ziqulathe nayiphi na into engathandekiyo neyonakalisayo. Uphuhliso kuyo yonke indlela yenze ukuba sikwazi ukuba singaphindi into eyenzekileyo kwixesha elidlulileyo. Ke ngoko, iinkampani ezivelisa izithambiso ezisemgangathweni kufuneka zigcine ukuthembeka kwebrendi yazo. Uvavanyo lwemveliso ludlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiimveliso eziza kuthengiswa, oko kuyenza ibe luncedo kwinkampani, umthengisi, kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu kumthengi okanye umsebenzisi. Zininzi izizathu ezifanelekileyo zokuvavanya ngokufanelekileyo izithambiso, nokuba kukukhusela umdla wenkampani, okanye uqiniseke ukuba ukhusela impilo kunye nokhuseleko lwabathengi abasebenzisa iimveliso.

Kuba umbono wezinto zokuthambisa ezininzi yinyani yokuba zezokwexeshana kwaye zihlala zinamandla. Xa ukhuseleko lusilela, oko kunokukhokelela kumonakalo osisigxina, ngokuqhelekileyo kungekhona nje eluswini kodwa kwanamehlo. Ingozi kumthengi iyingozi kwinkampani. Ngokungavavanyi iimveliso zabo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba zikhuselekile ukuba zisetyenziswe, iinkampani zithatha ithuba lokuba kukho into engahambi kakuhle kwaye banokuphela ngokumangalela.

Kubalulekile ukuvuma ukuba nayiphi na inkampani inokudala ukupakishwa kwamehlo kakhulu okanye iindlela ezikhawulezayo zokufumana umthengi ukuba athenge loo nto yokuqala, kodwa umgangatho wemveliso yodwa unokuqinisekisa abathengi abaphindaphindiweyo. Ngokuvavanya iimveliso zabo zokuthambisa, iinkampani ziqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso zazo ziya kuhlala ixesha elide ngokwaneleyo ekhaya ukuze umthengi athandane. Imiqobo kwizinto ezinjalo zizinto ezifana nokutshintsha kwevumba lemveliso, ukwahlula ulwelo olukwizithambiso, kwanokurhawuzelela ulusu. Zonke ezi zinto zinokubonwa ngovavanyo kwaye zilungiswe phambi kokuba imveliso ifike kumthengi.

Ukuthengisa imveliso entsha, inkampani kufuneka iyivavanye ukuqinisekisa ukuba iza kuthengisa. Uvavanyo luya kuphinda lubancede bazi ukuba imveliso yabo isengozini yokwahlulwa, yokutshintsha imibala, okanye iphele inevumba elibi. Kwaye ayisiyiyo le kuphela, kodwa malunga nendlela yokuleyibhile kwaye ukuba abathengi kufuneka banikwe imiyalelo ethile malunga nokugcinwa okufanelekileyo, ukuziqhelanisa kunye nokuba ixesha elingakanani ngokwenyani abanokusebenzisa imveliso emva kokuvula ngaphambi kokuba iphelelwe lixesha. Ngokusebenzisa iindlela zokuvavanya, iinkampani zezithambiso zinenzuzo yokuqikelela ngokuchanekileyo umda weemveliso zazo.

Umbutho woLawulo lweMigangatho yoMgangatho weZiyobisi

Ukuthembela kwabathengi kuya kuba nzima ngakumbi ukukufumana kodwa ukuphulukana nayo kunokuba lula njenge-snap. Kuxhomekeka kwilizwe apho umntu arhweba ngemveliso yakhe, imigaqo eyahlukeneyo iyasebenza. Ngokomzekelo, kwi-European Union, abavelisi kufuneka balandele imigaqo ekhankanywe phantsi kweFayile yoLwazi lweMveliso (PIF) kwaye benze iimvavanyo ezithile ezinyanzelekileyo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi e-USA, i-Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ilawula ukhuseleko lwemveliso. E-Indiya, i-CDSCO ichaza into yokuthambisa njengemveliso ethile enokusetyenziswa ngabantu ukuba bafake eluswini ukuze bacoceke, bahombise okanye baphucule inkangeleko. E-Indiya, imvume ye-CDSCO iyafuneka kwizongezo zemibala ezisetyenziswa kwizinto zokuthambisa kunye neziyobisi. Izithambiso mazibhalwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye mazingangxengwa kwaye zibhalwe gwenxa kuyo nayiphi na imeko. Nangona kunjalo, umntu unoxanduva ngokusemthethweni ngokuqulunqa iimveliso ezingakhuselekanga nezibhalwe ngokungafanelekanga. Ilayisensi inikwa emva kokuba iimveliso zijongwe ukuba zikhuselekile ngokwaneleyo.

Iimvavanyo: Uqinisekisa njani ukuba iMveliso yeZithambiso ikhuselekile?

 Nangona uhlobo lovavanyo lunokwahluka kumazwe ngamazwe, kunikwe ngezantsi lolona vavanyo luxhaphakileyo olunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba imveliso yezithambiso ikhuselekile ukuba ingasetyenziswa, kwaye inokwahluka, ngokuxhomekeke kudidi kunye namabango kunye nezithako ezisetyenzisiweyo.

1. Uvavanyo lweMicrobiological: Njengoko siyazi ukuba yonke into iqulethe i-microorganisms, kunye neemveliso zokuthambisa. Kodwa eyona nyaniso yile, inokuba yingozi kubathengi ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwemveliso kwaye inokukhokelela ekubeni ibhaktheriya idityaniswe nezinye iikhemikhali, ibangele utshintsho kwimveliso kwaye yenze ibe yingozi. Kulapho olu vavanyo lungena khona kwimveliso. UVavanyo lweMicrobiological lunceda ukuvelisa ukujonga inkqubo yogcino yokwakheka kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba imveliso ikhululekile kuko nakuphi na ukukhula okunokwenzeka kweemicroorganisms eziyingozi. Iisampulu zeemveliso zivavanywa kusetyenziswa iindlela ezahlukeneyo ezinceda ekuqaqambiseni ubukho bebhaktheriya, igwele okanye umngundo. Kwaye kamva ingeniswe kuMngeni uVavanyo okwaziwa ngokuba yiPreservative Effectiveness Test, ukunceda ekuchongeni kwangethuba umngcipheko wokukhula okunjalo.
2. UVavanyo lweSampuli yokuThatha: Uvavanyo lwemveliso yokuthambisa kufuneka lwenziwe ngokweemfuno zeBureau of Indian Standards (BIS) ngokunjalo ukuhlangabezana nemigaqo yokubhaliswa kwemveliso yezithambiso ethengwa kumazwe angaphandle. Ngaphezu koko, kufuneka kwakhona ihlangabezane neenkcukacha zomenzi ngamnye, umthengi kunye nomthengi. Uvavanyo lwesampulu lubandakanya oku kulandelayo

• Uhlalutyo lomzimba kunye neekhemikhali zezinto eziluhlaza kunye nezithako ezisebenzayo
• Uvavanyo lokhuseleko lokuvavanya ubukho besinyithi esinzima kwizinto zokuthambisa, imibala evaliweyo kunye neekhemikhali
• Ukuhlolwa komgangatho weMicrobiological ukuqinisekisa ukungabikho kwezibalo zemicrobial kunye ne-pathogens
• Uqikelelo olusemgangathweni kunye nobungakanani bezithako ezisebenzayo
• Uvavanyo lomzimba olubandakanya iiparamitha ezinje nge-viscosity, ukusasazeka, ukuvavanywa komkrwelo, uvavanyo lokuhlawula
• Uqikelelo lwento yokukhusela ilanga
• Ukucaphuka kwesikhumba kunye nezifundo zobuntununtunu;
• Uvavanyo lokuzinza, ukuzimisela ubomi beshelufu, njl.

1. Uvavanyo lozinzo: Kukho nethuba eliphezulu leemeko zokusingqongileyo, ukudala umphumo omkhulu kwimveliso ebangela ukuba iguqulwe kwaye ingakhuselekanga ukusetyenziswa kwabathengi ngexesha. Kulapho olu vavanyo luqala ukusetyenziswa. Uvavanyo lozinzo lwenza ukuba abavelisi bancede ekuqinisekiseni ukuba ngexesha leshelufu yemveliso, imveliso igcina umgangatho wayo weekhemikhali kunye ne-microbiological kwaye yenza imisebenzi yayo kunye nokugcina imbonakalo yayo yomzimba. Kule nto, iisampulu zemveliso zibekwe phantsi kweemeko zangempela ukumisela ukuzinza kunye nokunyaniseka komzimba kunye nokugxila kulo naluphi na utshintsho kumbala, iphunga okanye nayiphi na into ebonakalayo. Olu vavanyo lukwavumela abavelisi ukuba bavavanye iimeko zokugcina kwaye baqikelele ubomi babo beshelufu.
2. Uvavanyo lokusebenza: Olu vavanyo lugcina ingundoqo yalo kwisizathu esiphambili apho umthengi anquma ukuthenga imveliso, ibango elisekelwe kwimisebenzi yalo kunye neziphumo zokusetyenziswa emva kokusetyenziswa. Uvavanyo lwentsebenzo luvavanyo olwenziweyo ukubonisa amabango enziwe yimveliso kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba yinyani okanye ayiyonyani. Inambitha imveliso ngokusekelwe ekusebenzeni kwayo, ukusetyenziswa, ukuqina kunye nokusebenza. kukwabalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuba yonke into ekhuthazwayo nayo iqinisekisiwe. Oku kunokuqondwa ngokulula ngomzekelo: Masithi, nayiphi na i-brand ye-XYZ ikhuthaza imveliso yayo ngomgca wethegi wokulwa namaqhakuva kwiiyure ezingama-24. ke olu vavanyo luqinisekisa ukuba liyayenza into eliyibangayo okanye hayi.
3. Uvavanyo loKhuseleko kunye neToxicology: Olu vavanyo lunceda abavelisi ukuba babone ukuba kukho nayiphi na into yemveliso kunye nemixube evezwa nayiphi na ingozi xa isetyenziswa ngabathengi okanye hayi. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba izinto ezisetyenziswayo azinayo nayiphi na ityhefu, olu vavanyo luyenziwa. Iimvavanyo ezininzi zibandakanyiwe ukuqaqambisa isiphumo semveliso xa idibana nolusu kunye nolusu lwamehlo, ukubola, ukungena, kunye nokuziva.
4. Uvavanyo oluhambelanayo nokuPakisha: Ukongeza kuvavanyo lwemveliso, kubalulekile ukuba ukupakishwa kufuneka kuvavanywe, ngakumbi ezo, ezidibana ngokuthe ngqo nemveliso egqityiweyo kuba iikhemikhali zinokusabela ngokulula ngayo nayiphi na enye into kwaye zinokubeka umngcipheko kubathengi. Olu vavanyo luya kukhangela ukuba kukho nayiphi na imiphumo ephazamisayo phakathi kokwenziwa kwemveliso kunye nokupakishwa.

IiLabhoratri zoVavanyo lwezithambiso eIndiya

Ilizwe lethu lineelebhu zovavanyo lwemveliso yokuthambisa eIndiya, ezinye zezi zilandelayo:

• Gujarat Laboratory
• Iimvavanyo zeSigma kunye neZiko loPhando
• I-Spectro Analytical Lab
• Arbo Pharmaceuticals
• Uphando lwe-Auriga
• Iilebhu zeRCA
• I-Akums Amachiza & naMayeza njl.

Xa kufikwa kwiimveliso zokuthambisa, ukhuseleko yeyona nto ibalulekileyo ayinqwenelayo umthengi. Ukuvavanya imveliso kubalulekile ukugcina itshekhi kwaye unciphise umngcipheko kunye nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwemveliso yezithambiso. Imimiselo ngoku iyomelezwa kuba ezi mveliso zibeka emngciphekweni omkhulu kwimpilo yabathengi kwaye ukusukela ngoku kufuneka zihlaziywe xa zisungulwa kwaye kufuneka zizinikele kumgangatho nokhuseleko.