Nasara a Tsarin Kayan Kwalliya: Lipids ɗin Fermentation da aka samo daga CO₂ azaman Madadin Dorewa ga Man Dabino

Tare da ci gaba da ci gaban kimiyya, iskar gas mai gurbata muhalli CO₂ yanzu za a iya mayar da ita mai! A cikin masana'antar kayan kwalliya, masu bincike suna ci gaba da neman kayan masarufi masu lafiya da kuma waɗanda ba sa cutar da muhalli. Ikon canza iskar gas mai gurbata muhalli zuwa mai dorewa. kayan shafawa Ta hanyar kama carbon yana wakiltar haɗin gwiwa na kimiyya da dorewa. A cikin 2026, masana kimiyya sun sake faɗaɗa iyakokin CO₂ a matsayin albarkatun da za su dawwama.

Kwanan nan, wani kamfanin da ke zaune a Switzerland ya Ƙungiyar Mibelle, Kamfanin fasahar kere-kere ta Amurka LanzaTech, Da Cibiyar Fraunhofer don Injiniyan Facial da Fasahar Halittu (Fraunhofer IGB) a Jamus sun sanar da nasarar hada wani sabon sinadarin lipid ta amfani da CO₂. Wannan sabon kirkire-kirkire yana shirin zama madadin man dabino mai dorewa.

Me yasa masana kimiyya suke sha'awar neman wanda zai maye gurbin man dabino? Menene fa'idodin wannan sabon lipid da aka samo daga CO₂? Bari mu fassara wannan sabon abu mai juyin juya hali.

Kashi na 01: Matsalar Muhalli ta Man Jatan Lande

Man dabino shine man kayan lambu da aka fi samarwa a duniya kuma muhimmin sinadari ne a cikin kayan shafawa.

Dangane da bayanai daga Babban Bincikekasuwar man dabino ta duniya ta wuce gona da iri $ 70 biliyan a shekarar 2024. Ana sa ran samar da kayayyaki zai ci gaba da ƙaruwa har zuwa shekarar 2026, wanda ke nuna halin da wadatar kayayyaki ke fama da shi na rashin biyan buƙata.

Duk da cewa masana'antar kayan kwalliya tana amfani da kusan kusan 2% Daga cikin jimlar man dabino a duniya, abubuwan da aka samo a cikinsa suna ko'ina. Misali, man dabino muhimmin abu ne don haɗawa da ƙera surfactants, fatty alcohols, da emulsifiers da ake amfani da su a cikin sama da kashi 70% na dabarun kwalliya.

Duk da haka, samar da man dabino sau da yawa yana haifar da asarar muhalli. Shaidu sun nuna cewa haɓakar fitar da shi yana da alaƙa da lalata dazuzzukan daji na wurare masu zafi, fitar da hayakin carbon a cikin ƙasa, da asarar bambancin halittu. Binciken da aka buga a cikin Nature Communications yana nuna cewa canza hekta ɗaya na dazuzzukan daji na wurare masu zafi zuwa gonar dabino yana fitar da kusan 174 ton na carbonSabanin haka, ethanol da aka kama da carbon wanda aka samar ta hanyar fasahar LanzaTech yana rage fitar da hayakin hayakin greenhouse fiye da 70% idan aka kwatanta da hanyoyin sarrafa man fetur na gargajiya (Tushe: Rahoton Dorewa na LanzaTech 2024).

Shin wasu man shuke-shuke za su iya maye gurbinsa? Bincike ya nuna cewa sauran amfanin gonakin mai na iya zama mafi illa ga amfani da ƙasa. A cewar Duniyar mu a Data, man dabino yana da 36% samar da man kayan lambu a duniya yayin amfani da shi kawai 10% na ƙasar amfanin gona ta duniya. Wannan yana nufin cewa canzawa zuwa wasu man kayan lambu masu sauƙi na iya buƙatar Sau 4 zuwa 10 fiye da ƙasa, wanda hakan zai iya zama barazana ga mamaye dazuzzukan duniya.

Bugu da ƙari, buƙatun ƙa'idojin ƙasa da ƙasa suna ƙara ƙarfi. Dokokin sare gandun daji na EU (EUDR) ya sanya "rashin bin diddigin sare dazuzzuka" ya zama wajibi a bi ka'idojin da aka gindaya, tare da yiwuwar tara har zuwa Kashi 4% na yawan kuɗin da kamfani ke samu a kowace shekara.

Kashi na 02: Daga CO₂ zuwa "Lipids na Fermentation"

Abin da ya bambanta wannan aikin shi ne tsarin "sharar gida zuwa ƙima". A ƙarshe, yana taimakawa wajen rage hayakin carbon da ke fitowa daga iska. Yayin da farashin samarwa ke raguwa a nan gaba, kama carbon zai ƙara samun riba.

Tsarin ya ƙunshi matakai biyu:

Tsarin Gas: LanzaTech tana amfani da fasahar fermentation na iskar gas don canza CO₂ da aka kama zuwa barasa.

Canjin Lipid: A wani mataki na biyu na fermentation wanda Fraunhofer IGB ke jagoranta, ana gabatar da yis ɗin oleaginous don canza barasa zuwa lipids. Wannan tsari ya dogara ne gaba ɗaya akan ƙananan halittu masu rai, yana guje wa ayyuka masu rikitarwa ko masu cutarwa ga muhalli.

Binciken farko daga Fraunhofer IGB ya nuna cewa rabon palmitic acid (C16:0) to sinadarin oleic acid (C18:1) a cikin waɗannan lipids ɗin fermentation za a iya daidaita su da hannu. Ba kamar man dabino na halitta ba, wanda ke fuskantar canjin ingancin yanayi, waɗannan lipids sun fi dacewa da sarrafawa, tare da bambancin abun da ke ciki a cikin ± 2% (Source: Bayanan gwaji na Fraunhofer IGB).

Gwaje-gwajen kimiyyar lissafi sun nuna cewa waɗannan "lipids masu narkewa" kusan iri ɗaya ne da man dabino dangane da juriyar zafi, tsawon lokacin da za a adana shi, da kuma yawan amfanin ƙasa. Bugu da ƙari, bayanan dakin gwaje-gwaje daga Mibelle Biochemistry yana nuna cewa waɗannan lipids na iya bayar da fa'idodi masu kyau na kula da fata. Suna ɗauke da mafi yawan adadin kitse mara cikawa, waɗanda ke da amfani ga mutane. A cikin gwaje-gwajen gyaran shingen fata, an inganta Asarar Ruwa ta Transepidermal (TEWL) ya 15% mafi girma fiye da na man dabino mai tsafta na yau da kullun.

Kashi na 03: Haɓaka Tafiya - Tafiya Ta Fara Yanzu

a Cibiyar Fraunhofer don Tsarin Sinadarai da Fasaha (CBP) A Leuna, Jamus, aikin ya kammala tantance samar da kilogiram cikin nasara. Wannan muhimmin ci gaba ne, wanda ke nuna cewa sauyawa daga nasarar dakin gwaje-gwaje zuwa samar da masana'antu yana ƙara zama mai amfani.

Manyan wakilan masana'antu sun halarci ƙaddamar da aikin, ciki har da Dr. Jennifer Holmgren (Shugaba na LanzaTech), Dr. Peter Müller (Shugaba na Mibelle Group), kuma Dr. Markus Wolperdinger (Daraktan Fraunhofer IGB).

"Tare da ƙwarewar kimiyya ta Fraunhofer IGB, muna kafa sabbin ƙa'idodi ga dukkan masana'antar," in ji shi. Peter Müller.

Susanne HeldmaierShugaban Bincike da Ƙirƙirar Fasaha a Mibelle Group, ya ƙara da cewa: "Bayan nasarar da muka samu a dakin gwaje-gwaje, mun shiga matakin gwaji. Wannan muhimmin mataki ne na samun sinadarin lipids na farko mai inganci, wanda zai taimaka mana wajen haɓaka kayan kwalliya waɗanda ke kula da fata da muhalli."

Duk da cewa wannan ci gaban ya jawo hankali sosai, kwararru sun tunatar da mu cewa ci gaban kasuwanci a sikelin—har zuwa matakin samar da tan—ya kasance ƙalubale. Matsalolin da za a fuskanta a nan gaba sun haɗa da kiyaye ingantaccen aikin fermentation a sikelin, tabbatar da cewa bayanan kitse masu ɗauke da sinadarin acid sun cika buƙatun ƙera shi, da kuma inganta tsaftace shi da kuma farashin makamashi.

Duk da haka, a kan yanayin canjin sarkar samar da kayayyaki da kuma karuwar bukatar kasuwa, "CO₂-as-a-raw-material" yana shirin zama muhimmin gefen gasa ga samfuran.

Sashe na 04: Aikace-aikacen Tsarin Samfura da Lambobin Samfura

Duk da cewa maye gurbin man dabino kai tsaye da “lipids na fermentation” yana cikin matakin gwaji, wasu sinadaran kwalliya sun haɓaka ta amfani da LanzaTech's. CarbonSmart™ fasahar zamani ta riga ta fara kasuwa.

Shari'a ta 1: Coty (Gucci) — Turare Mai Kama da Carbon

Product: Gucci "Inda Zuciyata Ke Bugawa" (Tarin Alchemist's Garden).

Aikace-aikace: Ƙamshi na farko da aka rarraba a duniya a duniya wanda aka yi da ethanol mai ɗauke da carbon 100% a matsayin tushen barasa, wanda ke tabbatar da aminci da dorewar sinadaran da aka samo daga CO₂ a cikin ƙamshi mai kyau.

Shari'a ta 2: Beiersdorf (Nivea) — Man shafawa da aka Kama da Carbon

Product: Man shafawa na Nivea Kula da Yanayi na Maza.

Aikace-aikace: Wannan samfurin yana amfani da ethanol da aka kama da carbon a cikin dabararsa, yana wakiltar amfani mai nasara a cikin irin wannan tsarin fasaha.

Shari'a ta 3: L'Oréal — Marufin Roba da aka Kama da Carbon

Aikace-aikace: Tare da haɗin gwiwar LanzaTech da TotalEnergies, L'Oréal ta ƙirƙiro bututun kwalliya na Polyethylene (PE) waɗanda aka yi da hayakin carbon na masana'antu, wanda hakan ya faɗaɗa kamawar carbon daga dabarar zuwa marufi.

Shari'a ta 4: Ƙungiyar Mibelle — Potz & Migos Plus

Aikace-aikace: Mibelle ta riga ta haɗa magungunan surfactants waɗanda aka yi da LanzaTech ethanol a cikin hanyoyin samar da kula da gida da kula da kai a Switzerland.